The Effects of Antibiotics, Metals, and Biotic Interactions on the Assembly of Taxonomically Diverse Single and Mixed Species Biofilms

• 作者: Kim T. Scribner Roshan Angoshtari Terence L. Marsh
• 来源期刊: 微生物学(英文)
• 学科: 地球科学
• 关键词: Biofilm Assembly Antimicrobial Resistance TOBRAMYCIN Metabolic Activity Metal Resistance
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（12）
• 页码范围: 623-646
• 页数: 24页
• 分类号: X70

摘要

To better understand the assembly of the sturgeon egg microbiome, we purified six bacterial isolates from eggs and characterized their ability to form biofilms under the stress of tobramycin, with and without exogenous protein. In experiments with single species biofilms, tobramycin reduced the metabolic activity of all isolates and increased biofilm biomass of three. The addition of exogenous protein to the assay countered the inhibition of biofilm and metabolic activity by tobramycin of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp., <i>Brevundimonas</i> sp., <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> and mixed biofilms of <i>Pseudomonas-F. columnare</i> and <i>Brevundimonas-Hydrogenophaga</i>. Two of the isolates (<i>Pseudomonas</i> spp.) that produced antimicrobial activity, were effective at reducing biofilm formation by <i>Brevundimonas</i>, but enhanced biofilm formation in other isolates. Increasing concentrations of Mg²⁺ had no effect on biofilm formation but Ca²⁺ enhanced biofilm formation of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PA01 (positive control) and <i>Brevundimonas</i>. Biofilm assembly by these two bacteria was inhibited by low concentrations of Ni²⁺. Mixed biofilms of <i>Brevundimonas</i> and <i>Hydrogenophage</i> consistently produced more robust biofilm than the strains in isolation, suggesting synergism. Established <i>Brevundimonas</i> biofilm appeared adept at recruiting pelagic <i>Acidovorax</i> and <i>Hydrogenophaga</i> into biofilm, suggesting that it plays an important role in the selection of species into the microbiome.