Quantitative genetics is concerned with the inheritance of biological traits showing continuous (or quantitative) pheno-typic variation. Quantitative traits are common and have been extensively investigated and studied in evolutionary and genetic studies and in plant and animal breeding. Quantita-tive traits are normally controlled by multiple genes with various kinds of genetic effect, and their phenotypes are readily modified by environmental variation. Based on the multifactorial hypothesis of quantitative traits, classical theories of quantitative genetics (also referred to as statistical genetics in early years) were well established by the 1940s, owing mainly to the contributions of R.A. Fisher, J. B. S. Haldane, and S. Wright. Thanks to the publication of monographs by Mather [1], Kempthorne [2], and Falconer [3], quantitative genetics has spread widely in western countries since 1950 and contributed immensely to the improvement of plants and animals in the 20th century. In China, quantitative genetics started to be taught at agricultural colleges and universities as a postgraduate academic course from the late 1970s to early 1980s, thanks in part to the publication of textbooks by Wu [4], Ma [5], and Liu et al. [6].