Fusion between the transmembrane protease serine 2 and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (TMPRSS2-ERG fusion) is a common genetic alteration in prostate cancer among Western populations and has been suggested as playing a role in tumorigenesis and progression of prostate cancer.However,the prevalence of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion differs among different ethnic groups,and contradictory results have been reported in Asian patients.We aim to evaluate the prevalence and significance of TMPRSS2-ERGfusion as a molecular subtyping and prognosis indicator of prostate cancer in Asians.We identified the fusion status in 669 samples from prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry in China.We examined the association of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion with clinicopathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier analysis.Finally,a systematic review was performed to investigate the positive rate of the fusion in Asian prostate cancer patients.McNemar's test was employed to compare the positive rates of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion detected using different methods.The positive rates of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion were 16% in our samples and 27% in Asian patients.In our samples,9.4% and 19.3% of cases were recognized as fusion positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry,respectively.No significant association between the fusion and clinical parameters was observed.TMPRSS2-ERG fusion is not a frequent genomic alteration among Asian prostate cancer patients and has limited significance in clinical practices in China.Besides ethnic difference,detection methods potentially influence the results showing a positive rate of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion.