A comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the climatic feedbacks of irrigation is of paramount importance for current and future food security.The impact of irrigation on climate,especially temperature, has been assessed by various Earth system models, which have demonstrated that, despite a slight decrease in surface albedo, the net biophysical effect of irrigation is to cool surface temperature through the increase in evapotranspiration (ET) [1,2].Modeling results are effective in presenting mechanistic understandings of the effects of irrigation on climate, but show high uncertainties in the sign, magnitude, and spatial distribution of the predicted effects, due to their heavy dependence on the model's structure and parameterization [3,4].Observations from in-situ measurements (e.g., weather stations and field experiments) can provide local reliable evidence to verify the model results [5].However, the previous observational studies have been mostly restricted to local regions [6-8], because of the insufficient coverage of in-situ measurements, and it is still unclear as to what extent this observed local evidence can be extrapolated to larger areas.High-quality and spatially continuous land surface temperature (LST) observations from satellites such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have provided a new perspective for understanding the impact of irrigation on temperature.In this study, based on MODIS LST data and other satellitederived observations (Text S1 and Fig.S1 online), we provide a global-scale quantitative assessment of the impact of irrigation on LST, and explore the possible controlling factors (i.e., albedo and ET) underlying its spatiotemporal variations.