Biomarkers or factors for predicting the efficacy and adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: achievements and prospective

• 作者: Shi Wen-Jia Zhao Wei
• 来源期刊: 中华医学杂志英文版
• 关键词: Biomarker Immune checkpoint inhibitor Lung cancer
• 年，卷（期）: 2020,（20）
• 所属期刊栏目: Review Article
• 页码范围: 2466-2475
• 页数: 10页
• 语种: 中文
• DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001090

摘要

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in lung cancer therapy due to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. However, only a few lung cancer patients benefit from ICI therapy, driving the need to develop alternative biomarkers. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) molecules expressed in tumor cells and immune cells play a key role in the immune checkpoint pathway. Therefore, PD-L1 expression is a prognostic biomarker in evaluating the effectiveness of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 inhibitors. Nevertheless, adverse predictive outcomes suggest that other factors are implicated in the response. In this review, we present a detailed introduction of existing biomarkers concerning tumor abnormality and host immunity. PD-L1 expression, tumor mutation burden, neoantigens, specific gene mutations, circulating tumor DNA, human leukocyte antigen class I, tumor microenvironment, peripheral inflammatory cells, and microbiome are discussed in detail. To sum up, this review provides information on the current application and future prospects of ICI biomarkers.