Underground mine stream crossing assessment:A multi-disciplinary approach

• 作者: Kevin Andrews Steve Keim
• 来源期刊: 矿业科学技术学报（英文版）
• 年，卷（期）: 2021,（1）
• 页码范围: 59-65
• 页数: 7页
• 语种: 英文

摘要

Underground mine designs typically try to avoid extraction beneath streams and rivers of any significant size, especially when the overburden rock thickness between the stream bed and the mine is thin. Potential issues with mining beneath streams include excessive groundwater inflow to the mine, weak ground (roof,floor, and pillar) conditions, horizontal stress effects, as well as stream loss and other poten-tial adverse environmental effects. However, there are times when crossing beneath a stream or river is necessary to move into a new area of mineral reserve without creating additional mine access points from the ground surface. Often, stream crossings are completed without thorough assessment, poten-tially resulting in increased costs, decreased safety, and, in some cases, failure to advance the mine. Selection of the most favorable location(s) to cross the stream must account for numerous factors and the associated assessment often requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Stream crossing investigations often require geological, hydrogeological, geotechnical, and geophysical expertise. Phases of stream crossing investigations include desktop evaluation of maps and aerial photography, stream bed observa-tions, drilling, detailed rock core logging, downhole geophysical surveying, hydraulic conductivity testing (packer testing), geotechnical laboratory testing, assessment, and reporting. The deliverables from a stream crossing assessment typically include geological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological characteriza-tion of potential stream crossing locations, classification of favorable and unfavorable crossing locations, recommendations for entry design and pillar sizing, and recommendations for if, and how, to conduct pre-grouting activities. Examples of technical aspects of data collection and assessment are provided based on decades of industry experience conducting stream crossing assessments in various underground mining scenarios.