In this paper,FMECA and FTA methods are presented for oil and gas Pipeline Robot in order to improve the reliability.Take a crawler pipeline cleaning robot as the research object.According to the robot's variable working environment,high failure rate and short service life,in order to reduce the probability of its failure,and to extend its use time limit under the premise of being able to adapt to the complex working environment,and reduce maintenance cost of failure.To realize this purpose,FMECA analysis is fristly proposed,by which obtain the failure modes,causes and effects of each component mechanism,and identify the component mechanism with high risk and failure rate.Secondly,FTA is developed to establish the fault tree model of Cleaning and diameter changing mechanism,retain the underlying fault and the cause of its failure.Simulation results are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of this proposed method and improvement measures to improve the reliability of the robot.