OBJECTIVE:To investigate immunomodulatory ef-fects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) with HeLa cervical cancer cell line.METHODS:To assess the proliferation of PBMCs,carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-Ia-beled PBMCs were co-cultured with HeLa cells and treated with different concentrations of APS.Super-natants of cell culture were collected for cytokines assay via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELI-SA).The impact of APS on the proliferation of PBMCs,induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs),and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) was car-ried out by flow cytometry.RESULTS:It was observed that APS could increase the proliferation of PBMCs co-cultured with HeLa cells (P < 0.05).However,APS had no significant ef-fects on the induction of Tregs and MDSCs in the co-culture assay (P > 0.05).Furthermore,ELISA re-sults demonstrated that APS could decrease IL-10 and TGF-β3 concentration (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:The above-mentioned characteris-tics showed that APS might be able to modulate immune responses and improve anti-tumor effects through increasing the proliferation of PBMCs and decreasing inhibitory cytokines secretion as critical mediators of immune suppression in the tumor mi-croenvironment.