Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most commonly reported form of pancreatic cancer, is a lethal malignancy that con- tributes to the global cancer burden with high morbidity and mor- tality [1] . It has a poor 5-year survival mainly because PDAC poses a significant diagnostic challenge, has a high metastatic rate at di- agnosis and is stubbornly resistant to therapy [2] .