INTRODUCTION
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that is remodeled throughout the lifespan. Bone turnover includes the degradation of old or damaged bone and the formation of new bone, which is carried out by two highly specialized cell types — osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively.1–2 Osteoblasts differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells, whereas osteoclasts form through the recruitment and fusion of macrophages.2 If the balance between bone formation and resorption is disturbed, osteoporosis, which is one of the most prevalent bone diseases in the aged population worldwide, may develop.