Potassium chlorate( KClO3),as regulation medicament for longan production period,has been widely used in industrial application and enters the global ecological and environmental system. Its strong oxidation leads to certain pollution to ecological environment. In recent years,researches about ecological toxicity of KClO3 have realized considerable progress,so it is necessary to make proper summarization. This paper makes an overview of researches about ecological toxicity of KClO3 to land plants,longan,aquatic organism,animals,and human beings. Finally,it comes up with recommendations and prospects including further studying precise detection and degradation technologies for strong oxidation ClO3-and its residue,strengthening biological monitoring and recovery technology of KClO3,and implementing wide science popularization.