Recently,the role of staphylococcus aureus (s.aureus) in the pathogenesis of refractory rhinosinusitis(RRS) has gradually been elucidated.Studies have shown that intracellular s.aureus,s.aureus biofilm and s.aureus superantigens are the key factors in the mechanisms of staphylococcus aureus induced RRS.Therefore,in this article,we emphatically reviewed these three aspects of s.aureus,hoping to provide a clue in the clinical treatments of RRS and the future research in the field.