The existence and development of primitive cave buildings are influenced by constant improvement of living conditions.Based on the research of landscape theory and related theory,the paper analyzes the three types of cave dwellings,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of spatial layout of cave dwellings.Some suggestions are put forward for improving the spatial layout of modern cave dwellings according to the existing problems.It is hoped that cave dwellings can better meet the living needs of modern residents after renovation and design,so that the architectural form of cave dwellings can be well preserved and developed.