A country’s economic operation may be affected by various factors and experience short-term or even huge fluctuations,but the long-term economic growth trends will usually remain fundamentally consistent.Therefore,to understand the economic situation of a country from a comprehensive,dialectical,and long-term perspective is to look at its long-term trends rather than short-term fluctuations.The basic economic variables that determine the long-term course of economic growth determine the economic fundamentals.From a macro perspective,these factors are mainly supply factors and their combinations,including labor,land,capital,and innovation.To analyze the fundamentals of a country’s economy,you must look at the total size and combined structure of these elements.