Central Glutamatergic-Purinergic System Importance in Brain/Neural Plasticity

• 作者: Bogdan Feliks Kania Danuta Wrońska Dorota Zi?ba
• 来源期刊: 行为与脑科学期刊(英文)
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Glutamatergic/Purinergic SYSTEM NEUROPLASTICITY Physical Exercise NEUROGLIA DEPENDENCES
• 年，卷（期）: 2017,（7）
• 页码范围: 259-272
• 页数: 14页
• 分类号: R73

摘要

The proteolysis of the extracellular matrix plays a key role in the synaptic neuroplasticity of the central nervous system (CNS), which results in learning and memory. Proteases from the serine family and metalloproteinases of the extracellular matrix are localized within the synapses and are released into the extracellular space in proportion to the degree of neuronal excitation. These enzymes cause changes in the morphology, shape and size, and the overall number of synapses and synthesize new synaptic connections. The proteinase also changes the function of receptors, and consequently, the secretion of neurotransmitter/neuromodulator from the presynaptic glutamatergic and/or purinergic elements are either strengthened or weakened. Neuroglia involved in homeostasis, melanin synthesis and defense of the brain contain different combinations of purinergic receptors, which contributes to many neurotransmitters. This review summarizes a concept of brain plasticity, the role of ATP and P2 receptors interaction with glutamatergic system during plasticity of the brain in the one hand and after physical exercise in the other, which may be triggering phenomena facilitative synaptic plasticity as well as potentiates an personal efficiency to react to biobehavioral adaptation and disorders.