[Objective] The paper was to measure and analyze pathogen of 18S rDNA sequence of the pathogen of melon powdery mildew from lands overlaid with sands. [Method]The melon powdery mildew was isolated from infected plants of 'Yujinxiang', a major melon variety cultivated in lands overlaid with sands in the middle arid area of Ningxia. Genome DNA was extracted from its conidia using Chelex-100 method. 18S rDNA sequence was amplified by PCR, which was analyzed by Blast after sequencing, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. [Result] 18S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the pathogen of melon powdery mildew belonged to Podosphaera. [Conclusion] The study provided reference for biocontrol and disease-resistance breeding against melon powdery mildew.