Schema theory is an influential approach to text comprehension, which can account for inferring process in L2 text reading. According to the schema theory, comprehending a text is an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge(top-down processing) and the text(bottom-up processing). Both top-down and bottom-up processing are necessary for the inferring in reading comprehension. This paper explores how good and poor Chinese learners adopts top-down processing and bottom-up processing to make inferences in L2 reading, and finds some differences and similarities in using textual materials and background knowledge to make inferences in L2 reading by good and poor Chinese EFL learners respectively.