Using induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool for modellingcarcinogenesis

• 作者: Emma L Curry Mohammad Moad Craig N Robson Rakesh Heer
• 来源期刊: 世界干细胞杂志：英文版（电子版）
• 学科: 医学
• 关键词: Induced PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS CANCER Model REPROGRAMMING
• 年，卷（期）: 2015,（2）
• 页码范围: 461-469
• 页数: 9页
• 分类号: R

摘要

Cancer is a highly heterogeneous group of diseases thatdespite improved treatments remain prevalent accountingfor over 14 million new cases and 8.2 million deaths peryear. Studies into the process of carcinogenesis are limitedby lack of appropriate models for the development andpathogenesis of the disease based on human tissues.Primary culture of patient samples can help but is difficultto grow for a number of tissues. A potential opportunity toovercome these barriers is based on the landmark study byYamanaka which demonstrated the ability of four factors;Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc to reprogram human somaticcells in to pluripotency. These cells were termed inducedpluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） and display characteristicproperties of embryonic stem cells. This technique has awide range of potential uses including disease modelling,drug testing and transplantation studies. InterestinglyiPSCs also share a number of characteristics with cancercells including self-renewal and proliferation, expression ofstem cell markers and altered metabolism. Recently, iPSCshave been generated from a number of human cancercell lines and primary tumour samples from a range ofcancers in an attempt to recapitulate the developmentof cancer and interrogate the underlying mechanismsinvolved. This review will outline the similarities betweenthe reprogramming process and carcinogenesis, and howthese similarities have been exploited to generate iPSCmodels for a number of cancers.